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Following the death of Mohammed El Messufit ibn Tinamer, the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] governor of [[Tlemcen]], he was succeeded by his brother, Tashfin ibn Tinamer Upon ascending, Tashfin ibn Tinamer launched an attack on the Hammadid city of [[Achir]], sacking it. This action angered [[Hammadid dynasty|Hammadid]] sultan [[Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir|Al Mansur]]. He discovered that the Banu Wamnu tribe, with whom he had forged an alliance, had aided the Almoravids in the attack. Seeking revenge, Al-Mansur killed his own wife, who happened to be the sister of Makhoukh, the leader of the Banu Wamnu tribe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Khaldûn |first=ʿAbd al-Raḥman b Muḥammad Ibn |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=T9IOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA295&dq=1102+Tlemcen&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjYyYaGlb2FAxUtVqQEHQPgAmEQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=1102%20Tlemcen&f=false |title=Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique septentrionale, tr. par le baron de Slane |date=1856 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mercier |first=Ernest |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k864036 |title=Histoire de l'Afrique septentrionale (Berbérie) depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à la conquête française (1830). Tome 2 / par Ernest Mercier |date=1888 |language=EN}}</ref> |
Following the death of Mohammed El Messufit ibn Tinamer, the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravid]] governor of [[Tlemcen]], he was succeeded by his brother, Tashfin ibn Tinamer Upon ascending, Tashfin ibn Tinamer launched an attack on the Hammadid city of [[Achir]], sacking it. This action angered [[Hammadid dynasty|Hammadid]] sultan [[Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir|Al Mansur]]. He discovered that the Banu Wamnu tribe, with whom he had forged an alliance, had aided the Almoravids in the attack. Seeking revenge, Al-Mansur killed his own wife, who happened to be the sister of Makhoukh, the leader of the Banu Wamnu tribe.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Khaldûn |first=ʿAbd al-Raḥman b Muḥammad Ibn |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=T9IOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA295&dq=1102+Tlemcen&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjYyYaGlb2FAxUtVqQEHQPgAmEQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=1102%20Tlemcen&f=false |title=Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique septentrionale, tr. par le baron de Slane |date=1856 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mercier |first=Ernest |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k864036 |title=Histoire de l'Afrique septentrionale (Berbérie) depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à la conquête française (1830). Tome 2 / par Ernest Mercier |date=1888 |language=EN}}</ref> |
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== Campaign == |
== Campaign == |
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In 1102, Al-Mansur chose to march on [[Tlemcen]] with assistance from Arab tribes such as the Zoghba, Riah, and El-Athbedj, as well as a [[Zenata]] contingent. They successfully captured the city, and despite this victory, [[Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir|Al-Mansur]] decided to spare Tashfin's life and let him live, and forces the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]] to retreat to [[Morocco]]<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Martin |first=Claude |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=OcGPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT61&dq=Tlemcen+1102&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjB3Yajmr2FAxV2TaQEHc7cC0sQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Tlemcen%201102&f=false |title=Histoire de l'Algérie française (1) |date=1979-01-01 |publisher=FeniXX |isbn=978-2-221-22260-7 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Garcin |first=Jean-Claude |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=ybJ2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT498&dq=1102+tlemcen+hammadides&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCgqXFmr2FAxVnTqQEHftZByIQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=États, sociétés et cultures du monde musulman médiéval : Xe-XVe siècle (1) |last2=Balivet |first2=Michel |last3=Bianquis |first3=Thierry |date=1995-01-01 |publisher=Presses universitaires de France (réédition numérique FeniXX) |isbn=978-2-13-067300-2 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chamakhi |first=Mustapha K. (pour Kameleddine) |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=LPgxEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA87&dq=1102+tlemcen+hammadides&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCgqXFmr2FAxVnTqQEHftZByIQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=1102%20tlemcen%20hammadides&f=false |title=L'Islam dans tous ses Etats |date=2021-06-07 |publisher=BoD - Books on Demand |isbn=978-2-322-25142-1 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bahloul |first=Kahina |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=ioMlEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT30&dq=1102+tlemcen+hammadides&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiL9YaSm72FAxU1SKQEHZCRCCM4ChDoAXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Mon islam, ma liberté |date=2021-04-01 |publisher=ALBIN MICHEL |isbn=978-2-226-46357-9 |language=fr}}</ref> |
In 1102, Al-Mansur chose to march on [[Tlemcen]] with assistance from Arab tribes such as the Zoghba, Riah, and El-Athbedj, as well as a [[Zenata]] contingent. They successfully captured the city, and despite this victory, [[Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir|Al-Mansur]] decided to spare Tashfin's life and let him live, and forces the [[Almoravid dynasty|Almoravids]] to retreat to [[Morocco]]<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Martin |first=Claude |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=OcGPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT61&dq=Tlemcen+1102&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjB3Yajmr2FAxV2TaQEHc7cC0sQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Tlemcen%201102&f=false |title=Histoire de l'Algérie française (1) |date=1979-01-01 |publisher=FeniXX |isbn=978-2-221-22260-7 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Garcin |first=Jean-Claude |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=ybJ2DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT498&dq=1102+tlemcen+hammadides&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCgqXFmr2FAxVnTqQEHftZByIQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=États, sociétés et cultures du monde musulman médiéval : Xe-XVe siècle (1) |last2=Balivet |first2=Michel |last3=Bianquis |first3=Thierry |date=1995-01-01 |publisher=Presses universitaires de France (réédition numérique FeniXX) |isbn=978-2-13-067300-2 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Chamakhi |first=Mustapha K. (pour Kameleddine) |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=LPgxEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA87&dq=1102+tlemcen+hammadides&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCgqXFmr2FAxVnTqQEHftZByIQ6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=1102%20tlemcen%20hammadides&f=false |title=L'Islam dans tous ses Etats |date=2021-06-07 |publisher=BoD - Books on Demand |isbn=978-2-322-25142-1 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bahloul |first=Kahina |url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=ioMlEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT30&dq=1102+tlemcen+hammadides&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiL9YaSm72FAxU1SKQEHZCRCCM4ChDoAXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Mon islam, ma liberté |date=2021-04-01 |publisher=ALBIN MICHEL |isbn=978-2-226-46357-9 |language=fr}}</ref> |
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== Aftermath == |
== Aftermath == |
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After the battle, [[Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir|Al-Mansur]] returned to [[Béjaïa|Béjaia]] and suppressed some rebels before passing away in 1105. His son El Aziz, upon succeeding him, decided to renew relations with the Banu Wamnu tribe. Additionally, he married Makhoukh's second daughter.<ref name=":0" /> |
After the battle, [[Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir|Al-Mansur]] returned to [[Béjaïa|Béjaia]] and suppressed some rebels before passing away in 1105.<ref name=":1" /> His son El Aziz, upon succeeding him, decided to renew relations with the Banu Wamnu tribe. Additionally, he married Makhoukh's second daughter.<ref name=":0" /> |
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== References == |
== References == |
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Revision as of 17:40, 12 April 2024
| Campaign of Tlemcen | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Hammadids | Almoravids | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir | Tashfin ibn Tinamer | ||||||
The Campaign of Tlemcen was a military operation launched by the Hammadids to retake Tlemcen and western Algeria that was previously conquered by the Almoravids.
Background
Following the death of Mohammed El Messufit ibn Tinamer, the Almoravid governor of Tlemcen, he was succeeded by his brother, Tashfin ibn Tinamer Upon ascending, Tashfin ibn Tinamer launched an attack on the Hammadid city of Achir, sacking it. This action angered Hammadid sultan Al Mansur. He discovered that the Banu Wamnu tribe, with whom he had forged an alliance, had aided the Almoravids in the attack. Seeking revenge, Al-Mansur killed his own wife, who happened to be the sister of Makhoukh, the leader of the Banu Wamnu tribe.[1][2]
Campaign
In 1102, Al-Mansur chose to march on Tlemcen with assistance from Arab tribes such as the Zoghba, Riah, and El-Athbedj, as well as a Zenata contingent. They successfully captured the city, and despite this victory, Al-Mansur decided to spare Tashfin's life and let him live, and forces the Almoravids to retreat to Morocco[1][3][4][5][6]
Aftermath
After the battle, Al-Mansur returned to Béjaia and suppressed some rebels before passing away in 1105.[4] His son El Aziz, upon succeeding him, decided to renew relations with the Banu Wamnu tribe. Additionally, he married Makhoukh's second daughter.[1]
References
- ^ a b c Khaldûn, ʿAbd al-Raḥman b Muḥammad Ibn (1856). Histoire des Berbères et des dynasties musulmanes de l'Afrique septentrionale, tr. par le baron de Slane (in French).
- ^ Mercier, Ernest (1888). Histoire de l'Afrique septentrionale (Berbérie) depuis les temps les plus reculés jusqu'à la conquête française (1830). Tome 2 / par Ernest Mercier.
- ^ Martin, Claude (1979-01-01). Histoire de l'Algérie française (1) (in French). FeniXX. ISBN 978-2-221-22260-7.
- ^ a b Garcin, Jean-Claude; Balivet, Michel; Bianquis, Thierry (1995-01-01). États, sociétés et cultures du monde musulman médiéval : Xe-XVe siècle (1) (in French). Presses universitaires de France (réédition numérique FeniXX). ISBN 978-2-13-067300-2.
- ^ Chamakhi, Mustapha K. (pour Kameleddine) (2021-06-07). L'Islam dans tous ses Etats (in French). BoD - Books on Demand. ISBN 978-2-322-25142-1.
- ^ Bahloul, Kahina (2021-04-01). Mon islam, ma liberté (in French). ALBIN MICHEL. ISBN 978-2-226-46357-9.